Before
- Discussing and modeling the pre-designing and planning phase
- Considering the variables of purpose, audience, and form
- Considering the medium/ media and techniques associated with it/them
- Planning, flowcharting, scripting, layout, imagining, thinking, etc.
During
- Drafting and designing
- Using various representing strategies
- Problem solving and critically reflecting
After
- Reviewing and reshaping strategies
- Seeking responses to clarify and rework
- Reworking and refining ideas
- Discussing
- Field testing
- Reflecting
- Displaying
- Marketing
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Before
- What understanding/ message do I want to communicate? Who are my audiences? What is my purpose?
- What medium/media would best help me present this?
- How am I going to organize and present my understanding/message?
- What materials, technology, and equipment will I need?
- How can I ensure clarity and effectiveness?
- How can I rehearse and try out my representation?
- What arrangements do I have to make to display or present my representation?
During
- How will I introduce my representation?
- How will I create a clear, smooth, well-coordinated presentation?
- How will I conclude my representation?
After
- How will I invite feedback?
- How can I improve my representation?
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- Giving specific prompts
- Modeling the process
- Using think-alouds
- Planning mini-lessons on a range of ways to represent including drama, mapping, music, visual images, graphic aids, sounds, effective presentations, three-dimensional objects, and computer-enhanced presentations
- Engaging students in a variety of activities and processes:
- Surveying, charting, and labeling
- Storyboarding and scripting
- Considering layout and design
- Reviewing and examining models
- Conferencing
- Incorporating technical techniques
- Illustrating
- Dramatizations, role plays, and tableaux
- Creating effective images and symbols
- Using sounds, music, movement, and gestures
- Creating three-dimensional objects, models, sculptures, and props
- Developing multimedia sessions
- Displaying and presenting
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